Atomic bonding in solids, bonding forces and energies, primary and secondary bonds. The structure of crystalline solids, lattice, unit cell, and crystal systems, density computation, crystal directions and planes, linear and planar atomic densities. Impurities and imperfections in solids: point, line and interfacial defects. Atomic vibration and diffusion. Mechanical properties of materials. Elastic and plastic deformation, and recrystallization. Phase diagrams of single phase & multiphase materials with emphasis on iron-iron carbide system (steel & cast iron). Thermal processing of metals & alloys: annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, composite materials, polymers. Impact, fracture, fatigue and creep properties and introduction to fracture mechanics.